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Die Handbuchreihe vermittelt Wissen über sprachliche Zusammenhänge in prägnanter Form. Dabei geht sie von den sprachlichen Phänomenen selbst aus, nicht von linguistischen Teildisziplinen. Neben systematischen Beschreibungen von Laut und Gebärde bis zum Diskurs werden historische, soziale und multimodale Konstellationen von Sprache behandelt, auch ihre Stellung in zentralen Wissensdomänen und Handlungsfeldern der Gesellschaft.

Engineering. --- Knowledge Transfer. --- Mathematics. --- Natural Sciences.

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The role of innovation in improving productivity might vary according to a country's relative position in technology advancement. Frontier countries might benefit more from policies that promote firms' internal innovation (create), while follower countries would gain more from policies favoring the adoption of existing technologies through innovation outsourcing (buy). However, in many countries, the government policies to promote innovation narrowly focus on "creating," regardless of considerations of the level of a country's technological advancement. This paper investigates the effect of different sources of innovation on output via productivity with representative manufacturing firms in Tunisia from 1997 to 2007. It finds that "buying" has a positive effect on productivity whereas "creating" does not, which might imply that Tunisian firms do not invest sufficiently in "creating," or that "creating" is more difficult for Tunisian firms because they might be too far from the technology frontier. Meanwhile, there is no synergy from using both sources of innovation simultaneously-finding that counters literature suggesting that "creating" could enhance firms' absorptive capacity. The paper considers the possibility that "creating" and "buying" substitute for each other in Tunisia, where resources are limited, assuming the effect of innovation is not linear or requires a certain amount of investment (threshold) to positively affect productivity. The estimation result using the Tobit model supports this assumption. The findings suggest that innovation policy in Tunisia should emphasize adoption and adaptation, rather that creation and innovation. To encourage firms' "buying," the government can promote exports and workers' skills, whereas incentives that encourage firms to hire more technicians or to acquire foreign investment might not be efficient ways to encourage "buying." Moreover, the fact that there is a minimum requirement (threshold) for innovation investment suggests that policies that aim to reduce this threshold or support firms around this threshold could catalyze the innovation investment.

Firms --- Innovation --- Knowledge Transfer --- Productivity --- R&D --- Royalties --- Tobit Model

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Publicly Funded Research Organisations (PROs) have three main mission: education, research and knowledge valorisation. This third mission is the most recent one and is still evolving. Knowledge valorisation (KV) entails creating value from knowledge generated by a PRO to the benefit of society. While the main focus in the past was on economic activities (patents, spin-offs, revenues from service activities), impact or societal valorisation is currently included in a broader definition of KV.
Because of a large variety in contexts that PROs operate in, there are also many ways how they organize KV. This thesis set out to investigate input factors or resources that can influence KV success and possible measures (metrics) to monitor this success. Existing frameworks from literature covering knowledge transfer business models, third mission models and knowledge transfer capability maturity were challenged in a BeNeLux setting. Eight out of 24 BeNeLux universities provided input via a questionnaire and eleven stakeholders (including directors of Knowledge Transfer Offices (KTO) or impact units, policy advisors, representatives of university or KTO networks and an impact researcher) participated in interviews.
The academic KV landscape is very diverse in the BeNeLux from the organisation perspective. Nevertheless, there were similarities in terms of KV staff profile description and the broad and diverse range of KV activities within single PROs. Strong leadership, consistent incentives and a potential partnership with other KTOs for expertise sharing were recommendations for success. Governments should be involved in discussions about incentives and metrics. When PRO leadership and governments conclude that broad KV (economic ánd societal) is important, that should be evident from their actions and policies. Regarding metrics, there is a need for innovation at the level of the existing classical indicators that do not always reflect the desired outcomes. On the other hand, metrics for societal valorisation are still in its infancy and the search for quantifiable more universal metrics than storytelling is ongoing at the international level. The thesis concludes with a discussion on several points for further research and a number of recommendations at the level of the university management, governments and policy makers, KTOs and researchers: 1) walk the talk when you decide that KV is important and translate this strategy into operational measures, 2) collaboration and specialization of KTOs can be a key to regional gains in overall KTO efficiency and 3) economic and societal valorisation should for now be seen as two distinct activities with different maturity and output expectations.

knowledge transfer --- valorisation --- third mission --- universities --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Stratégie & innovation

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Das Ziel der Publikation besteht darin, markante Formen der kulturhistorisch relevanten Aufnahme und Weiterentwicklung literaturgebundenen Wissens aus Frankreich, Deutschland und Österreich im 18. und frühen 19. Jahrhundert in der Lombardei und Venetien als kulturellem Begegnungsraum nachzuweisen und sichtbar zu machen. Poetologische, literaturspezifische, philosophische, medizintheoretische, anthropologische und weitere Denkmuster aus dem weiten Spektrum des Wissens der Aufklärungsepoche und des Zeitalters der Romantik werden in norditalienischen Texten von unterschiedlichem Status identifiziert und als Resultate von Rezeption, Adaptation und Transformation von Wissensbeständen veranschaulicht, deren Ursprung nördlich der Alpen zu finden ist.Drei prägnante Aspekte kennzeichnen das Sammelwerk insgesamt: die exemplarische Hinwendung zur norditalienischen Kultur als solcher; ein perspektivisches Spektrum, das sich unterschiedlichen Disziplinen verdankt und über den Kreis der Beiträger verschiedenartige Forschungstraditionen vereint; die prozessual bestimmte Rahmenperspektive (Rezeption, Adaptation, Transformation) in ihrer die Erkenntnis leitenden Dynamik.

German literature --- Appreciation --- Italy --- Italy --- History --- History --- Cultural Identity. --- Enlightenment. --- Knowledge Transfer. --- Northern Italy. --- Romanticism.

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Cross-industry innovation introduces a dilemma for the innovation process. On one hand, there is a broad consensus in research that diversity in knowledge leads to increased levels of novelty in innovation. On the other hand, the crossing of industries boundaries is known to cause knowledge boundaries between actors. This book contributes to this end, by the development of new understanding of important aspects in cross-industry innovation. The empirical bases for this research are case data from the Pumps & Pipes association in US and Norway (conferences and 7 Norwegian cross-industry collaborations), and cross-industry cases from the Norway Health Tech cluster.

Intellectual capital. --- Cross-Industry Innovation. --- Knowledge Barriers. --- Knowledge Integration. --- Knowledge Transfer. --- Mediating Objects.